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High Rate of HIV- Positives in a Surgery Focused Medical Outreach in Jos Nigeria: Lessons from a Provider Initiated HIV Counseling and Testing

Received: 3 August 2015     Accepted: 10 August 2015     Published: 19 August 2015
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Abstract

Background: Despite the multisectoral response to HIV epidemic and the promotion of combination prevention with HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) as an entry into Treatment, Care and Support, coverage has remained low and certain HIV positive persons continue to witness stigmatization and discrimination.Though strategies to scale up HCT services have largely promoted provider initiated mobile HCT including home testing, we investigated the outcome of a provider initiated faith based organization, Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital located in Jos and its facility based HCT among pre-surgical patients in Jos Plateau state, North Central Nigeria.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional survey among pre-surgical patients at Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital in Jos Plateau state from 16-20th December 2013. Participants were selected by simple random as they presented at the hospital after vital signs and clinical diagnosis. HIV Counseling and Testing was provided according to the National guidelines and standards with the “opt out” algorithm.Data were captured and analyzed on Epi Info 6.04. Cross tabulations were used to generate descriptive statistics including frequency distribution, percentages and Fisher’s exact odds ratios at 95% confidence limits with 5% probability level of significance. Results:More than half (56%) of participants were males, 44% were females with a median age of 39 years. HIV seropositive rate was at least two fold higher in females than in male participants and overall HIV positive estimate was 12.2% ( 95%CI , 9.6 – 16.3). In addition, majority (84%) of surgical presentations identified during the outreach were hernia cases (33%), and the rest lipoma (25%), appendicitis (12%) and other forms of lumps (12%). Response rate during the provider initiated pre-surgical HCT “opt-out” design was 100%.Conclusion: Though strategies to scale up HCT services have largely promoted provider initiated mobile HCT, we found high rate of HIV in a provider initiated facility based HCT among pre-surgical patients in Jos, Plateau state of North Central Nigeria with 100% response rate in an “opt-out” design.Therefore, pre-surgical Patient Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) is a viable strategy that may significantly contribute towards Universal Access to HIV/AIDS prevention services

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12
Page(s) 137-140
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HCT/HTC, PITC, Pre-surgical, Surgical Cases, Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment, Care, Support

References
[1] United Nation AIDS, 2013. Beginning the end of AIDS epidemic, GAP Report.
[2] United State AID, 2010. Modes of transmission study report.
[3] Federal Ministry of Health 2012a: National HIV and AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey Report, Journal of HIV & Human Reproduction, (2014), Vol2, Issue 1, pg 15.
[4] Federal Ministry of Health 2007: Integrated Biological and Behavioral Sentinel Survey Report.
[5] Federal Ministry of Health 2010: Integrated Biological and Behavioral Sentinel Survey Report.
[6] Federal Ministry of Health 2012b: National HIV and AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey Report, Journal of HIV & Human Reproduction, (2014), Vol2, Issue 1, pg17.
[7] Federal Ministry of Health 2012c: National HIV and AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey Report, Journal of HIV & Human Reproduction, (2014), Vol2,Issue 1, pg 19.
[8] Kennedy, C. E., Fonner, V. A., Sweat, M. D., Okero, F. A., Baggaley, R., and O’Reilly,K.R. Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic ReviewAIDS Behav.2013 June ; 17(5): 1571–1590.
[9] Moses A, Zimba C, Kamanga E, Nkhoma J, Maida A, Martinson F (2008). Prevention of mother-to child transmission: program changes and the effect on uptake of the HIVNET 012 regimen inMalawi. AIDS. Jan 2; 22(1):83–87.
[10] Allen S, Tice J, Van dPP, Serufilira A, Hudes E, Nsengumuremyi F. (1992). Effect of serotestingwith counselling on condom use and seroconversion among HIV discordant couples in Africa.BMJ. 1992 Jun 20; 304(6842):1605–1609.
[11] Brou H, Viho I, Djohan G, Ekouevi DK, Zanou B, Leroy V,. (2009). Contraceptive use and incidenceof pregnancy among women after HIV testing in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Rev Epidemiol SantePublique. Apr; 57(2):77–86.
[12] Bentley ME, Spratt K, Shepherd ME, Gangakhedkar RR, Thilikavathi S, Bollinger RC. (1998). HIVtesting and counseling among men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Pune, India:Changes in condom use and sexual behavior over time. AIDS. 1998; 12(14):1869 –1877.
[13] Federal Republic of Nigeria GLOBAL AIDS RESPONSE Country Progress ReportNigeria GARPR 2014
[14] Isichei Christian, Zelalem Temesgen. (2009) ed. HIV Counselling. In Fundamentals of Global HIV Medicine. American Academy of HIV Med.; Chapter 6: PP 61-64.
[15] Ciccone M M et al (2010) Feasibility and effectiveness of a disease and care management model in the primary health care system for patients with heart failure and diabetes (Project Leonardo) (2010) Vascular Health Risk Management May 6, 6:297-305.
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  • APA Style

    Christian Isichei, Kenneth Enwerem, Mercy Isichei, Jean Njab, Charles Anyaka, et al. (2015). High Rate of HIV- Positives in a Surgery Focused Medical Outreach in Jos Nigeria: Lessons from a Provider Initiated HIV Counseling and Testing. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(5), 137-140. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12

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    ACS Style

    Christian Isichei; Kenneth Enwerem; Mercy Isichei; Jean Njab; Charles Anyaka, et al. High Rate of HIV- Positives in a Surgery Focused Medical Outreach in Jos Nigeria: Lessons from a Provider Initiated HIV Counseling and Testing. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2015, 3(5), 137-140. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12

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    AMA Style

    Christian Isichei, Kenneth Enwerem, Mercy Isichei, Jean Njab, Charles Anyaka, et al. High Rate of HIV- Positives in a Surgery Focused Medical Outreach in Jos Nigeria: Lessons from a Provider Initiated HIV Counseling and Testing. Eur J Prev Med. 2015;3(5):137-140. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12,
      author = {Christian Isichei and Kenneth Enwerem and Mercy Isichei and Jean Njab and Charles Anyaka and Ngozi Okoro and Tinuade Oyebode and Prosper Okonkwo},
      title = {High Rate of HIV- Positives in a Surgery Focused Medical Outreach in Jos Nigeria: Lessons from a Provider Initiated HIV Counseling and Testing},
      journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {137-140},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20150305.12},
      abstract = {Background: Despite the multisectoral response to HIV epidemic and the promotion of combination prevention with HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) as an entry into Treatment, Care and Support, coverage has remained low and certain HIV positive persons continue to witness stigmatization and discrimination.Though strategies to scale up HCT services have largely promoted provider initiated mobile HCT including home testing, we investigated the outcome of a provider initiated faith based organization, Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital located in Jos and its facility based HCT among pre-surgical patients in Jos Plateau state, North Central Nigeria.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional survey among pre-surgical patients at Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital in Jos Plateau state from 16-20th December 2013. Participants were selected by simple random as they presented at the hospital after vital signs and clinical diagnosis. HIV Counseling and Testing was provided according to the National guidelines and standards with the “opt out” algorithm.Data were captured and analyzed on Epi Info 6.04. Cross tabulations were used to generate descriptive statistics including frequency distribution, percentages and Fisher’s exact odds ratios at 95% confidence limits with 5% probability level of significance. Results:More than half (56%) of participants were males, 44% were females with a median age of 39 years. HIV seropositive rate was at least two fold higher in females than in male participants and overall HIV positive estimate was 12.2% ( 95%CI , 9.6 – 16.3). In addition, majority (84%) of surgical presentations identified during the outreach were hernia cases (33%), and the rest lipoma (25%), appendicitis (12%) and other forms of lumps (12%). Response rate during the provider initiated pre-surgical HCT “opt-out” design was 100%.Conclusion: Though strategies to scale up HCT services have largely promoted provider initiated mobile HCT, we found high rate of HIV in a provider initiated facility based HCT among pre-surgical patients in Jos, Plateau state of North Central Nigeria with 100% response rate in an “opt-out” design.Therefore, pre-surgical Patient Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) is a viable strategy that may significantly contribute towards Universal Access to HIV/AIDS prevention services},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - High Rate of HIV- Positives in a Surgery Focused Medical Outreach in Jos Nigeria: Lessons from a Provider Initiated HIV Counseling and Testing
    AU  - Christian Isichei
    AU  - Kenneth Enwerem
    AU  - Mercy Isichei
    AU  - Jean Njab
    AU  - Charles Anyaka
    AU  - Ngozi Okoro
    AU  - Tinuade Oyebode
    AU  - Prosper Okonkwo
    Y1  - 2015/08/19
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12
    T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    SP  - 137
    EP  - 140
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8230
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150305.12
    AB  - Background: Despite the multisectoral response to HIV epidemic and the promotion of combination prevention with HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) as an entry into Treatment, Care and Support, coverage has remained low and certain HIV positive persons continue to witness stigmatization and discrimination.Though strategies to scale up HCT services have largely promoted provider initiated mobile HCT including home testing, we investigated the outcome of a provider initiated faith based organization, Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital located in Jos and its facility based HCT among pre-surgical patients in Jos Plateau state, North Central Nigeria.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional survey among pre-surgical patients at Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital in Jos Plateau state from 16-20th December 2013. Participants were selected by simple random as they presented at the hospital after vital signs and clinical diagnosis. HIV Counseling and Testing was provided according to the National guidelines and standards with the “opt out” algorithm.Data were captured and analyzed on Epi Info 6.04. Cross tabulations were used to generate descriptive statistics including frequency distribution, percentages and Fisher’s exact odds ratios at 95% confidence limits with 5% probability level of significance. Results:More than half (56%) of participants were males, 44% were females with a median age of 39 years. HIV seropositive rate was at least two fold higher in females than in male participants and overall HIV positive estimate was 12.2% ( 95%CI , 9.6 – 16.3). In addition, majority (84%) of surgical presentations identified during the outreach were hernia cases (33%), and the rest lipoma (25%), appendicitis (12%) and other forms of lumps (12%). Response rate during the provider initiated pre-surgical HCT “opt-out” design was 100%.Conclusion: Though strategies to scale up HCT services have largely promoted provider initiated mobile HCT, we found high rate of HIV in a provider initiated facility based HCT among pre-surgical patients in Jos, Plateau state of North Central Nigeria with 100% response rate in an “opt-out” design.Therefore, pre-surgical Patient Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) is a viable strategy that may significantly contribute towards Universal Access to HIV/AIDS prevention services
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos Campus,Jos,Nigeria

  • Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos Campus,Jos,Nigeria

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria Ltd, (APIN Gte LTD)Abuja, Nigeria

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